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How to Manage Lance Nematodes in Field Crops
What Are Lance Nematodes?
Lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) are parasitic plant nematodes that attack crop roots, leading to stunted growth and reduced yields. These nematodes are migratory ectoparasites and endoparasites, meaning they can feed on root surfaces before embedding themselves partially or fully within plant roots. Their presence in high densities can cause severe damage, particularly in cotton, soybeans, corn, and turfgrass, which are among their most economically important hosts.
How Lance Nematodes Damage Crops
Lance nematodes weaken plant roots by disrupting nutrient and water uptake, leading to:
- Stunted root growth and reduced crop vigor.
- Poor plant establishment and lower resistance to drought.
- Increased susceptibility to other soil-borne diseases.
- Significant yield losses in cotton, soybean, and other crops.
Recent studies in Tennessee confirm that lance nematodes can thrive in various cropping systems, including:
1. Cotton, soybean, corn, and wheat
2. Weeds in fallow fields (which act as alternative hosts)
3. Cover crops (potential reservoirs for nematode populations)
How Many Lance Nematodes Cause Damage?
The threshold for economic damage varies by crop:
- Soybean – Stunted root growth begins at 60 nematodes per 100 cm³ of soil.
- Cotton – Yield losses of up to 25% occur at 75 nematodes per 100 cm³ of soil.
- Turfgrass & Corn – More research is needed, but high populations reduce root strength and water absorption.
The Tennessee surveys found that lance nematode populations averaged 22 per 100 cm³ of soil, with some locations exceeding damage thresholds.
Managing Lance Nematodes for Healthier Crops
To minimize yield losses and protect crops, farmers should implement integrated nematode management strategies:
1. Soil Testing & Monitoring – Regular nematode population assessments help detect issues early.
2. Crop Rotation – Rotating with non-host crops can disrupt nematode life cycles.
Weed & Cover Crop Management – Removing alternative hosts reduces nematode persistence.
3. Biological & Organic Controls – Using nematicides, organic soil amendments, and beneficial microbes can suppress populations.
4. Resistant Crop Varieties – Selecting nematode-resistant cultivars helps reduce damage.
Conclusion
Lance nematodes pose a serious threat to crop health, especially when populations exceed damage thresholds. However, with early detection and effective management, farmers can minimize losses and maintain high yields.
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